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These same tests from the WASI were administered again at the most recent visit (ages 19–20 y). In the RFAB, the four subtests of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) ( 33)-Vocabulary, Similarities, Block Design, and Matrix Reasoning-were administered at the initial visit (ages 9–10 y). Evidence from these two samples suggests that observed declines in measured IQ may not be a direct result of marijuana exposure but rather attributable to familial factors that underlie both marijuana initiation and low intellectual attainment. Furthermore, marijuana-using twins failed to show significantly greater IQ decline relative to their abstinent siblings. However, there was no evidence of a dose–response relationship between frequency of use and intelligence quotient (IQ) change. Marijuana users had lower test scores relative to nonusers and showed a significant decline in crystallized intelligence between preadolescence and late adolescence. Marijuana use was self-reported at the time of each cognitive assessment as well as during the intervening period. Standardized measures of intelligence were administered at ages 9–12 y, before marijuana involvement, and again at ages 17–20 y. We used a quasiexperimental approach to adjust for participants’ family background characteristics and genetic propensities, helping us to assess the causal nature of any potential associations. The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations of marijuana use with changes in intellectual performance in two longitudinal studies of adolescent twins ( n = 789 and n = 2,277). Nonetheless, research on this topic is scarce and often shows conflicting results, with some studies showing detrimental effects of marijuana use on cognitive functioning and others showing no significant long-term effects. Patrick got his start in fisheries as an undergraduate intern with NOAA Fisheries Protected Resources Division in Sacramento, and in his first field job as a crew member of the California Department of Fish & Wildlife’s Wild and Heritage Trout Program.Marijuana is one of the most commonly used drugs in the United States, and use during adolescence-when the brain is still developing-has been proposed as a cause of poorer neurocognitive outcome. Prior to joining CalTrout, he worked with the Fisheries Leadership & Sustainability Forum, a non-profit that supports the eight federal regional fishery management councils around the country. Patrick Samuel is the Conservation Program Coordinator for California Trout, a position he has held for almost two years, where he coordinates special research projects for California Trout, including the State of the Salmonids report. His recent research interests include Coho salmon on the Shasta River, the ecology of volcanic spring-fed rivers, inland trout conservation and management, and policy implications of trap and haul programs for anadromous fishes in California. Peter Moyle on numerous projects to help inform California Trout conservation policy. Lusardi resides at the UC Davis Center for Watershed Sciences and works closely with Dr. His work bridges the widening gap between academic science and applied conservation policy, ensuring that rapidly developing science informs conservation projects throughout California. Robert Lusardi is the California Trout/UC Davis Wild and Coldwater Fish Researcher focused on establishing the basis for long-term science specific to California Trout’s wild and coldwater fish initiatives. His research interests include conservation of aquatic species, habitats, and ecosystems, including salmon ecology of fishes of the San Francisco Estuary ecology of California stream fishes impact of introduced aquatic organisms and use of floodplains by fish.
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He is co-author of the 2017 book, Floodplains: Processes and Management for Ecosystem Services. He is author or co-author of more than 240 publications, including the definitive Inland Fishes of California (2002). Peter Moyle is the Distinguished Professor Emeritus in the Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology and Associate Director of the Center for Watershed Sciences, at UC Davis. Integrate Wild Fish and Working Landscapes.